Glossary

A domain name is a unique address for accessing websites, replacing IPs with memorable terms. Essential for online visibility, it enhances professionalism and flexibility. It requires periodic renewal and proper management for effectiveness.

DOS attacks aim to make a service unavailable by overloading resources. They can be mitigated using firewalls, CDNs, and IDS/IPS systems to block malicious traffic and ensure service availability.

Drupal is a powerful and flexible open-source CMS for complex and secure projects. It offers advanced customization, native multilingual support, and scalability. While it has a steep learning curve, it is ideal for large organizations and platforms requiring robust features.

The EIO PHP module enables asynchronous file operations, preventing script execution from blocking on file reads/writes. Built on libeio, it enhances performance but has a complex callback-based syntax and does not work on Windows, making it best suited for Linux-based server applications.

Email is an electronic communication tool for sending messages, files, and links over the Internet. Accessible via email clients, it’s fast and efficient. However, it comes with risks like spam and phishing, requiring precautions to ensure secure exchanges.

The PHP Enchant module enables spell-checking using Hunspell, Aspell, MySpell. It provides functions for verifying words, suggesting corrections, and managing dictionaries. It requires external libraries and is useful for CMS, forums, and text editors.

Encryption converts readable data into unreadable format to protect its confidentiality. Used for securing communications, files, and transactions, it relies on keys and powerful algorithms. While vital for security, it requires rigorous key management to mitigate risks.

Microsoft Exchange is an email and collaboration platform for businesses, centralizing emails, calendars, and contacts. It offers security features, resource sharing, and archiving but may be costly and complex to manage, especially for small businesses.

The EXIF module in PHP extracts metadata from JPEG/TIFF images, including capture date, camera details, and GPS coordinates. Useful for image organization and analysis, but limited to compatible formats and requiring secure data handling to avoid leaking sensitive information.

An extranet is a private network allowing a company to share resources and interact with external partners securely. It improves collaboration, communication, and efficiency but requires careful security and access management.

Failover is a strategy that automatically switches to a backup resource in case of failure. It ensures high availability, minimizes service interruptions, and enhances system reliability, but requires complex management and may incur high setup costs.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) are sections of a website or document that address commonly asked questions by users. They improve user experience, reduce customer support workload, and provide quick, clear answers on common topics.

FCP measures the time before a page displays its first visible element. A score under 1.8s improves UX and SEO. Optimization includes faster servers, deferred JavaScript, image compression, and CDN usage.

The FFI module in PHP enables direct C function calls and access to native libraries. It’s ideal for performance optimization but poses memory risks and requires careful security handling.

FID (First Input Delay) measures the time between user input and browser response. A score under 100ms improves SEO and UX. Optimizations include reducing blocking JavaScript, using defer/async, and limiting third-party scripts.

The PHP Fileinfo module detects a file’s MIME type and encoding by analyzing its content. It improves file security and upload validation, preventing extension spoofing. While reliable, it can be slightly performance-intensive for large files.

Fortinet is a global leader in cybersecurity, offering solutions like next-generation firewalls, centralized management tools, and malware detection. Its products are effective but can be complex and costly to deploy.

A forum is an online space where users can ask questions, respond to topics, and exchange information. It’s ideal for sharing knowledge and creating communities, though it requires moderation to prevent negative behaviors.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a communication protocol used to transfer files between a client and server over a network. While efficient, it has security risks as data is transmitted in clear text. Secure versions, such as FTPS or SFTP, are recommended for safer file transfers.

The GD module in PHP allows dynamic image creation and modification, supporting PNG, JPEG, GIF, WebP. It is useful for thumbnails, CAPTCHA, and graphics, but it consumes more memory than ImageMagick and has lower compression quality.

The Gearman module in PHP enables executing background tasks across multiple servers, improving performance and scalability. Ideal for asynchronous processing and load balancing, though it requires advanced setup and may be replaced by RabbitMQ or Redis.

The GeoIP module in PHP identifies an IP’s location, providing country, city, and region data. It’s useful for content personalization and geo-blocking but is now deprecated. GeoIP2 is recommended for better accuracy and ongoing support.

The PHP GEOS module enables spatial analysis of geometric objects like points, polygons, and distances. Ideal for GIS/PostGIS, it supports spatial queries but requires manual setup and is limited to 2D operations.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a popular image format used for both animations and static images. While widely compatible and efficient, it has limitations in color depth and quality for complex images or photographs.

The gigabyte (GB) is a unit of measurement used to quantify data storage and file sizes. It equals 1,073,741,824 bytes and is widely used for data and storage measurements.

Git is a distributed version control system enabling developers to collaborate, manage branches, and track changes. Fast and reliable, it offers unmatched flexibility for software development. Though challenging for beginners, it is indispensable for modern teams.

Google is a major technology company offering services like search engine, Gmail, YouTube, Android, and Google Cloud. Known for its innovation, it is also criticized for data management and its market monopoly.

Gzip compresses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, reducing bandwidth and speeding up websites. Easy to enable on Apache/Nginx, it improves SEO and user experience.