Glossary

A modem connects local networks to the Internet by converting digital and analog signals. Essential for Internet access, modems come in various types (ADSL, fiber, 4G/5G), tailored to specific infrastructures, offering flexibility and performance.

A moderator oversees and manages interactions in online or offline communities. They enforce rules, remove inappropriate content, and maintain a safe, respectful environment. Their role is crucial for positive user experiences, though challenges like bias, workload, and over-moderation may arise.

MP3 is a widely used audio compression format that reduces file size while maintaining acceptable sound quality. Known for its universal compatibility and compression ability, it does, however, suffer from quality loss that can be noticeable depending on the compression rate.

MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) is a series of standards for multimedia compression and transmission. Used in formats like MP3 and MP4, it effectively reduces file sizes while maintaining quality, revolutionizing audio-video storage and streaming.

MySQL is an open-source relational database system used to efficiently organize and manage data. Ideal for web applications with its performance and flexibility, it offers an accessible solution but has limitations for highly complex needs or massive databases.

The NIC (Network Interface Card) is an essential hardware component for connecting devices to a network. It transmits and receives data via Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or fiber optics. Critical for network access, it delivers high performance but may be costly or limited depending on specific needs.

Node.js is an open-source platform for server-side JavaScript execution. With its asynchronous, non-blocking architecture, it’s ideal for modern, high-performance applications. Fast, scalable, and supported by NPM’s rich ecosystem, Node.js is essential for APIs, real-time services, and web apps, making it a cornerstone of modern development.

NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) is a high-speed storage protocol using PCIe to reach up to 7,500 MB/s. It reduces latency, enhances multitasking, and improves SSD performance. Essential for gaming, servers, and high-performance applications.

The HTML tag creates ordered lists (numbered, alphabetic, or Roman). Ideal for structuring steps or rankings, it includes attributes like type and start for customization. Simple and accessible, it adapts to various contexts but often requires CSS for advanced styling.

Open source refers to software with accessible source code, encouraging collaboration, transparency, and innovation. It offers flexibility and customization, is often free, but may require technical skills for use. Open source drives technological and social transformation.

Phishing is a cybercrime technique aimed at tricking victims into obtaining their sensitive information (passwords, banking details).

Plesk is a web hosting control panel that centralizes the management of websites, databases, emails, and security. Compatible with Linux and Windows, it provides powerful tools to automate administrative tasks. Though it is paid, its flexibility and user-friendly design make it a preferred choice for hosting management.

A plug-in is a software module that adds features to a main application. Used in browsers, CMSs, or design software, plug-ins enhance flexibility. While offering customization and scalability, they require secure management to avoid risks like compatibility issues or vulnerabilities. Proper use ensures improved functionality and user experience.

PNG is a lossless image format ideal for digital graphics and web design. It supports transparency and high image quality but produces larger files than JPEG. Universally compatible, PNG is perfect for logos, icons, and illustrations, maintaining image fidelity without compression artifacts.

PostgreSQL is a robust, extensible open-source database system. With advanced features like ACID transactions, data integrity, and JSON support, it’s ideal for complex applications. Its reliability and flexibility make it a preferred choice in critical environments.

RAM is temporary memory storing active application data. Faster than storage drives, it boosts system fluidity and multitasking. Capacity and speed impact performance, but RAM is volatile and loses data after shutdown.

A DNS resolver translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling Internet navigation. It enhances speed via caching and simplifies website access. However, privacy and security concerns can arise with poorly configured or insecure resolvers.

ROT13 is a simple algorithm that replaces each letter with the one 13 positions later in the alphabet. Easy to understand and reversible, it is often used to obscure information on forums. However, it offers no security and is suitable only for informal or playful use.

A router is a device that connects different networks and directs data to its destination. Using routing protocols, it optimizes traffic and enhances security. Essential for home and business connections, it facilitates fast and reliable communication between devices.

SaaS is a model where software is accessed via the Internet. It offers flexibility, automatic updates, and simplified collaboration. However, it depends on Internet connectivity and raises questions about data privacy. This model is economical and adaptable to evolving user needs.

A search engine is a tool that crawls, indexes, and ranks web pages to provide relevant results to user queries. Essential for Internet navigation, it offers numerous features, though its usage raises concerns about privacy and algorithmic bias.